The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has made progress in shaping future regulations to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from shipping. The latest round of discussions, held by the Intersessional Working Group on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships (ISWG-GHG 18), focused on refining key proposals aimed at steering the industry toward net-zero emissions.
At the heart of the IMO’s 2023 GHG Reduction Strategy are two major mid-term measures: a technical element in the form of a marine fuel standard that gradually lowers GHG intensity, and an economic element involving a pricing mechanism for maritime emissions. Both measures are slated for adoption in late 2025.
The Working Group built upon draft text from the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC 82), which outlined an “IMO net-zero framework” incorporating input from Member States and international organizations. This framework proposes amendments to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL, Annex VI), a treaty currently backed by 108 Parties representing 97% of global merchant shipping tonnage. If adopted, these amendments would officially embed the mid-term measures into international maritime law.
Discussions covered a wide range of critical topics, including the structure of global marine fuel intensity regulations, the operational and financial aspects of a proposed ‘IMO Net-Zero Fund,’ and the economic mechanism’s revenue distribution. Potential impacts on food security were also considered, reflecting concerns from nations that rely heavily on maritime trade for essential goods.
One of the key takeaways from the meeting was the agreement to keep all proposals for an emissions pricing mechanism on the table. Some Member States suggested “bridging options” to align differing positions, emphasizing the need for compromise. The goal remains clear: to craft regulations that are both effective and equitable, ensuring that developing nations and smaller shipping operators are not disproportionately burdened.
Following the discussions, the Chair, in coordination with the IMO Secretariat, prepared an updated version of the MARPOL Annex VI amendments. This revised text consolidates areas of agreement while maintaining flexibility for further changes. It will be annexed to the Group’s report as a “work-in-progress” and will be subject to further review at the 19th meeting of the Intersessional Working Group (scheduled for 31 March – 1 April 2025), leading up to MEPC 83 in April.
With time ticking toward the 2025 deadline, the coming months will be crucial in defining the maritime sector’s roadmap to decarbonization. As global shipping continues to be a major contributor to emissions, these discussions will determine how the industry adapts to an increasingly carbon-conscious future.
